Description
We are proud to offer YK-11 in a bottle of 60 capsules with 12mg per capsule.
YK11 is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) that has gained attention for its potential anabolic properties and muscle-building effects. It is structurally similar to other SARMs but possesses a unique mechanism of action. This article provides an overview of the mechanism of action of YK11 and summarizes key findings from in vitro and in vivo studies.
Mechanism of Action:
YK11 works by selectively binding to androgen receptors (AR) in skeletal muscle tissue. Once bound, it activates the AR and initiates a series of cellular events that promote muscle growth and protein synthesis.
Unlike traditional anabolic steroids, YK11 has been found to have dual mechanisms of action. It not only acts as a selective AR agonist but also functions as a myostatin inhibitor. Myostatin is a protein that limits muscle growth and development. By inhibiting myostatin, YK11 allows for enhanced muscle growth and increased muscle mass [1].
In Vitro Studies:
In vitro studies have provided valuable insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of YK11. These studies have shown that YK11 stimulates muscle cells to produce more follistatin, a protein that inhibits myostatin. By increasing follistatin levels, YK11 effectively counteracts the inhibitory effects of myostatin, leading to enhanced muscle growth [2].
Additionally, YK11 has been found to increase the expression of genes associated with muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis. It upregulates key genes involved in muscle growth, such as MyoD and myogenin, which promote the differentiation of muscle precursor cells into mature muscle fibers. YK11 also increases the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a hormone that plays a crucial role in muscle development and regeneration [3].
In Vivo Studies:
Animal studies have been conducted to evaluate the in vivo effects of YK11 on muscle growth and performance.
In rodent models, YK11 has demonstrated anabolic effects by increasing muscle mass and strength. It has been shown to promote significant muscle hypertrophy and improve muscle function. These effects were observed even in the absence of exercise, suggesting the potential of YK11 as a muscle-building agent.
Furthermore, studies have indicated that YK11 can improve bone strength and density. This finding suggests potential benefits in conditions such as osteoporosis, where maintaining bone health is crucial [4].
Safety and Side Effects:
The safety profile of YK11 is not well-established, as limited clinical studies have been conducted. However, based on available data, YK11 appears to have fewer androgenic side effects compared to traditional anabolic steroids. It exhibits a high affinity for androgen receptors in muscle tissue, which may minimize the potential for unwanted side effects on other tissues, such as the prostate or hair follicles.
It is important to note that the long-term effects of YK11 on hormone balance and overall health have not been extensively studied. Therefore, caution should be exercised when considering the use of YK11, especially without medical supervision [5].
Conclusion:
YK11, a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), offers a unique mechanism of action in promoting muscle growth and protein synthesis. It functions by selectively binding to androgen receptors in skeletal muscle tissue and activating anabolic pathways. Additionally, YK11 inhibits myostatin, a protein that limits muscle growth, further enhancing its muscle-building potential.
In vitro studies have demonstrated YK11’s ability to increase follistatin levels, counteracting the inhibitory effects of myostatin. It also upregulates genes associated with muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis. Animal studies have supported these findings, showing significant muscle hypertrophy and improved musclefunction in rodent models.
While the safety profile of YK11 is not fully understood, it appears to have fewer androgenic side effects compared to traditional anabolic steroids. However, long-term effects and potential risks remain unclear, highlighting the need for further research and caution in its use.
Overall, YK11 shows promise as a muscle-building agent with its unique mechanism of action. However, more extensive studies are necessary to determine its efficacy, safety, optimal dosing, and potential applications in human subjects. It is important to consult with healthcare professionals before considering the use of YK11 or any other performance-enhancing substance to ensure informed decision-making and minimize potential risks.
WARNING: This product is intended for research purposes only. The research chemical designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.
- Kanno Y, Saito N, Saito R, et al. Differential DNA-binding and cofactor recruitment are possible determinants of the synthetic steroid YK11-dependent gene expression by androgen receptor in breast cancer MDA-MB 453 cells. Exp Cell Res. 2022;419(2):113333. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113333
- Kanno Y, Ota R, Someya K, Kusakabe T, Kato K, Inouye Y. Selective androgen receptor modulator, YK11, regulates myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by follistatin expression. Biol Pharm Bull. 2013;36(9):1460-1465. doi:10.1248/bpb.b13-00231
- Kanno Y, Saito N, Saito R, et al. Differential DNA-binding and cofactor recruitment are possible determinants of the synthetic steroid YK11-dependent gene expression by androgen receptor in breast cancer MDA-MB 453 cells. Exp Cell Res. 2022;419(2):113333. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113333
- Yatsu T, Kusakabe T, Kato K, Inouye Y, Nemoto K, Kanno Y. Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, YK11, Up-Regulates Osteoblastic Proliferation and Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2018;41(3):394-398. doi:10.1248/bpb.b17-00748
- Dahleh MMM, Bortolotto VC, Guerra GP, Boeira SP, Prigol M. YK11 induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampus: The interplay between a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) and exercise [published online ahead of print, 2023 Jul 17]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2023;233:106364. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106364
Submit your review | |
